3D - OBJECT DETECTION USING OPENCV-PYTHON

The following Code will detect the object present in the image ,whether it is a Cube or a Cylinder or Sphere based on Contour Approximation.The below Code is written Using the Python API for OpenCV Library.

 Script:

import cv2
# Importing the Opencv Library
import numpy as np
# Importing NumPy,which is the fundamental package for scientific computing with #Python

# Reading Image
img = cv2.imread("/home/whoami/Pictures/cylinder1.jpg")
cv2.namedWindow("Original Image",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
# Creating a Named window to display image
cv2.imshow("Original Image",img)
# Display image

# RGB to Gray scale conversion
img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
cv2.namedWindow("Gray Converted Image",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
# Creating a Named window to display image
cv2.imshow("Gray Converted Image",img_gray)
# Display Image

# Noise removal with iterative bilateral filter(removes noise while preserving edges)
noise_removal = cv2.bilateralFilter(img_gray,9,75,75)
cv2.namedWindow("Noise Removed Image",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
# Creating a Named window to display image
cv2.imshow("Noise Removed Image",noise_removal)
# Display Image
# Thresholding the image
ret,thresh_image = cv2.threshold(noise_removal,0,255,cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
cv2.namedWindow("Image after Thresholding",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
# Creating a Named window to display image
cv2.imshow("Image after Thresholding",thresh_image)
# Display Image

# Applying Canny Edge detection
canny_image = cv2.Canny(thresh_image,250,255)
cv2.namedWindow("Image after applying Canny",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
# Creating a Named window to display image
cv2.imshow("Image after applying Canny",canny_image)
# Display Image
canny_image = cv2.convertScaleAbs(canny_image)

# dilation to strengthen the edges
kernel = np.ones((3,3), np.uint8)
# Creating the kernel for dilation
dilated_image = cv2.dilate(canny_image,kernel,iterations=1)
cv2.namedWindow("Dilation", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
# Creating a Named window to display image
cv2.imshow("Dilation", dilated_image)
# Displaying Image
contours, h = cv2.findContours(dilated_image, 1, 2)
contours= sorted(contours, key = cv2.contourArea, reverse = True)[:1]
pt = (180, 3 * img.shape[0] // 4)
for cnt in contours:
    approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,0.01*cv2.arcLength(cnt,True),True)
    # print len(cnt)
    print len(approx)
    if len(approx) ==6 :
        print "Cube"
        cv2.drawContours(img,[cnt],-1,(255,0,0),3)
        cv2.putText(img,'Cube', pt ,cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_SIMPLEX, 2, [0,255, 255], 2)
    elif len(approx) == 7:
        print "Cube"
        cv2.drawContours(img,[cnt],-1,(255,0,0),3)
        cv2.putText(img,'Cube', pt ,cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_SIMPLEX, 2, [0, 255, 255], 2)
    elif len(approx) == 8:
        print "Cylinder"
        cv2.drawContours(img,[cnt],-1,(255,0,0),3)
        cv2.putText(img,'Cylinder', pt ,cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_SIMPLEX, 2, [0, 255, 255], 2)
    elif len(approx) > 10:
        print "Sphere"
        cv2.drawContours(img,[cnt],-1,(255,0,0),3)
        cv2.putText(img,'Sphere', pt ,cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_SIMPLEX, 2, [255, 0, 0], 2)

cv2.namedWindow("Shape", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.imshow('Shape',img)

corners    = cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack(thresh_image,6,0.06,25)
corners    = np.float32(corners)
for    item in    corners:
    x,y    = item[0]
    cv2.circle(img,(x,y),10,255,-1)
cv2.namedWindow("Corners", cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.imshow("Corners",img)

cv2.waitKey()

Read More

C Code to Perform Sampling Rate Convertion

  Sampling Rate Conversion in Real Time(Using a C language)

 

Upsampling and DownSampling using Reconstruction

(Using sinc Function):

Code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define PI 3.14
void main()
{
  int m,n,samplingrate,chunksize,subchunk2size,newchunksize,newsamplingrate,newsubchunk2size;
  float i;
  //int noofsamples;
  int factor;
  unsigned char a,b,c,d,e;
  FILE *fp,*fp2;
  void writeheaderfile(FILE *fp,int newsamplingrate,int newchunksize,int newsubchunk2size,FILE *fp2);
  void writedatafile(FILE *fp,int newsamplingrate,int newchunksize,int newsubchunk2size,float i,int subchunk2size,FILE *fp2);
  printf("Original Song is in : song1.wav\nResult is stored in : Createdsong.wav\n");
  fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
  fp2=fopen("Createdsong.wav","w+");
  fseek(fp,24,SEEK_SET);
  fread(&samplingrate,4,1,fp);
  printf("Sampling Rate is : %d\n",samplingrate);
  fseek(fp,4,SEEK_SET);
  fread(&chunksize,4,1,fp);
  printf("chunksize is : %d\n",chunksize);
  fseek(fp,40,SEEK_SET);
  fread(&subchunk2size,4,1,fp);
  printf("subchunk2size is : %d\n",subchunk2size);
  printf("Enter the New Sampling Rate : ");scanf("%d",&newsamplingrate);
  i=(float)samplingrate/newsamplingrate;
  //printf("I value is : %f\n",i);
  //noofsamples=readnoofsamples(fp);
  printf("No of Samples in Given File : %d\n",subchunk2size/4);
  newsubchunk2size=subchunk2size/i;
  newchunksize=newsubchunk2size+36;
  //noofsamples=newsubchunk2size/4;
  writeheaderfile(fp,newsamplingrate,newchunksize,newsubchunk2size,fp2);
  //fclose(fp2);
 // fp2=fopen("Createdsong.wav","w+");
  writedatafile(fp,newsamplingrate,newchunksize,newsubchunk2size,i,subchunk2size,fp2);
}
/*int readnoofsamples(FILE *fp)
{
int count=1;
unsigned char c;
fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
fseek(fp,44,SEEK_SET);
while(1)
{
if(feof(fp)) break;
fscanf(fp,"%c",&c);
count++;
//printf("%d\n",count);

}
//count=count/4;
return count;
}*/
void writedatafile(FILE *fp,int newsamplingrate,int newchunksize,int newsubchunk2size,float i,int subchunk2size,FILE *fp2)
{
//FILE *fp2;
int count=0,samco=1,center,samp=0,previous=0,x,temp;
short int e,r;
long int m,n,sumfr,sumfl;
float suml=0,sumr=0;
unsigned char z,s,v,w,c;
float sinc(int m,float i,int n);
printf("Writing the Samples in File....Please Wait....\n");
//fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
fseek(fp,40,SEEK_SET);
    fread(&subchunk2size,4,1,fp);
    //printf("subchunk2size is : %d\n",subchunk2size);
    //fclose(fp);
//fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
//fp2=fopen("Createdsong.wav","a");
fseek(fp,44,SEEK_SET);
fseek(fp2,44,SEEK_SET);
//printf("%d\n",subchunk2size);
for(m=0;m<=subchunk2size;m++)
{
//if(feof(fp)) break;

sumfl=0;
sumr=0;
suml=0;
sumfr=0;
center=rint(m*i);
if(previous==center)
{

}
else
{
for(temp=0;temp<(center-previous);temp++)
{
count++;
}
}
previous=center;
fseek(fp,44+(4*count),SEEK_SET);
for(n=count-10;n<count+10;n++)
{
//printf("m value : %d\n",m);
if(n<0)
{
e=0;
r=0;
}
else
{


fread(&e,2,1,fp);
fread(&r,2,1,fp);
}
sumr=sumr+(e*sinc(m,i,n));
suml=suml+(r*sinc(m,i,n));
sumfl=suml;
sumfr=sumr;
//if(sumfl==0) printf("m=%d\t n=%d\n",m,n);
//printf("m*I=%d\t n=%d\t e=%d\n",m*i,n,e);
//printf("suml=%lf\t sumr=%lf\t n=%d\t count=%d\t e=%d\t r=%d\n",suml,sumr,n,count,e,r);

}
fwrite(&sumfr,2,1,fp2);
fwrite(&sumfl,2,1,fp2);
/*fscanf(fp,"%c",&t);
fscanf(fp,"%c",&s);
fscanf(fp,"%c",&v);
fscanf(fp,"%c",&w);
printf("%d %d %d %d\n",t,s,v,w);*/
//if(sumfr==0) printf("m=%d\t and n=%d\n",m,n);
//printf("m=%d\t and sumfl=%d\t sumfr=%d\n",m,sumfl,sumfr);
//getchar();
}
printf("Process Completed...Result is in Createdsong.wav\n");

fclose(fp);
fclose(fp2);
}
float sinc(int m,float i,int n)
{
float temp;
if(rint(m*i)==n) 
{
//printf("sinc value is : %f\n",1.00);
return 1.00;
}
else
{
temp=PI*(m*i-n);
//printf("sinc value is : %f\n",(sin(temp)/temp));
return (sin(temp)/temp);
}
}

void writeheaderfile(FILE *fp,int newsamplingrate,int newchunksize,int newsubchunk2size,FILE *fp2)
{long int count=1;
unsigned char header;
//FILE *fp2;
//fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
//fp2=fopen("Createdsong.wav","w+");
  fseek(fp,0,SEEK_SET);
  while(1)
 {
  fread(&header,4,1,fp);
  fwrite(&header,4,1,fp2);
  if(ftell(fp)==44) break;
 }
  fseek(fp2,4,SEEK_SET);
  fwrite(&newchunksize,4,1,fp2);
  fseek(fp2,24,SEEK_SET);
  fwrite(&newsamplingrate,4,1,fp2);
  fseek(fp2,40,SEEK_SET);
  fwrite(&newsubchunk2size,4,1,fp2);
  //fclose(fp2);
  //fclose(fp);
  //printf("Suc\n");
}

Down Sampling using Decimation(Without Using Sinc Function):

Code:

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
  FILE *fp,*fp2;
  unsigned char down;
  int samplingrate,ratio,i=4,chunksize,subchunk2size,newchunksize,newsubchunk2size;
  int newsamplingrate;
  long int count=1;
  
//Getting the Sampling Rate from the File 
  //  while(1)
 // {
    fp=fopen("mono.wav","r");
    fseek(fp,24,SEEK_SET);
    fread(&samplingrate,4,1,fp);
    rewind;
    fseek(fp,4,SEEK_SET);
    fread(&chunksize,4,1,fp);
    rewind;
    fseek(fp,40,SEEK_SET);
    fread(&subchunk2size,4,1,fp);
    
    //fscanf(fp,"%d",&sample);
    //**fprintf(stdout,"samplingrate is %u\n chunksize is : %u\nsubchunk2size is : %u\n",samplingrate,chunksize,subchunk2size);
    //count++;
    //if(count>44) break;
  //}
  //printf("The count value is : %ld\n",count-1);

fclose(fp);
//printf("Enter the New Sampling Rate : ");scanf("%d",&newsamplingrate);
newsamplingrate=5000;
if(newsamplingrate<samplingrate)
{  
  ratio=samplingrate/newsamplingrate;
  fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
  fseek(fp,44,SEEK_SET);
  while(1)
  { 
    fscanf(fp,"%c",&down);
    //fprintf(stdout,"%d\t",down);
    count++;
    i--;
    if(feof(fp)) break;
    if(i<1)
    {
      i=4;
      fseek(fp,SEEK_CUR+4*(ratio-1)-1,SEEK_CUR);
    }   
  }


  fclose(fp);  

  count=count/4;
//  printf("Count is  : %ld\n",count);
  newsubchunk2size=chunksize/3;
  newchunksize=newsubchunk2size+36;
  writeheaderfile(fp,newsamplingrate,newchunksize,newsubchunk2size);
  writedatafile(fp,newsamplingrate,newchunksize,newsubchunk2size,ratio);

}
/*if(newsamplingrate>samplingrate)
{
  ratio=newsamplingrate/samplingrate;
  fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
  fseek(fp,44,SEEK_SET);
  newsubchunk2size=chunksize*3;
  newchunksize=newsubchunk2size+36;
  writeheaderfile(fp,newsamplingrate,newchunksize,newsubchunk2size);
  writedataupfile(fp,newsamplingrate,newchunksize,newsubchunk2size,ratio);
}*/
}
//Writing the Header Section 
void writeheaderfile(FILE *fp,int newsamplingrate,int newchunksize,int newsubchunk2size)
{long int count=1;
unsigned char header;
FILE *fp2;
fp=fopen("mono.wav","r");
  fp2=fopen("song2.wav","w+");
  //rewind;
  while(1)
 {
  fread(&header,4,1,fp);
  //if(ftell(fp)==5) fprintf(fp2,"%c",newchunksize);
  //else if(ftell(fp)==17) fprintf(fp2,"%c",newsubchunk2size);
  //else if(ftell(fp)==25) fprintf(fp2,"%c",newsamplingrate);
  //else fprintf(fp2,"%c",header);
  fwrite(&header,4,1,fp2);
   if(ftell(fp)==44) {fclose(fp);break;}
 }
  //fp=fopen("song1.wav","r");
  //fp2=fopen("song2.wav","w+");
  //rewind(fp2);
  fseek(fp2,4,SEEK_SET);
  fwrite(&newchunksize,4,1,fp2);//fprintf(fp2,"%c",&newchunksize);
  //rewind(fp2);
  fseek(fp2,40,SEEK_SET);
  fwrite(&newsubchunk2size,4,1,fp2);
  //rewind(fp2);
  fseek(fp2,24,SEEK_SET);
  fwrite(&newsamplingrate,4,1,fp2);
  //fclose(fp);
  fclose(fp2);

  
}
//Write data to file
void writedatafile(FILE *fp,int newsamplingrate,int newchunksize,int newsubchunk2size,int ratio)
{unsigned char down;
 long int count=1;
 int i=4;
 FILE *fp2;
 fp=fopen("mono.wav","r");
 fp2=fopen("song2.wav","a+");
  fseek(fp,44,SEEK_SET);
  while(1)
  { 
    fscanf(fp,"%c",&down);
    fprintf(fp2,"%c",down);
    count++;
    i--;
    if(feof(fp)) break;
    if(i<1)
    {
      i=4;
      fseek(fp,SEEK_CUR+4*(ratio-1)-1,SEEK_CUR);
    }   
  }


  fclose(fp);  
  fclose(fp2);
}

Read More

Transient Analysis of CMOS NAND gate

Transient analysis if a 2-input CMOS Nand gate is derived in the below pdf have a look at it .

 

Powered by PdfSR.com

Download Document

Read More

INDIAN SPECIES & CONDIMENTS AS NATURAL HEALERS

         Species and condiments are one of the most important forms of natural food. This article describes the medicinal virtues of different species and condiments, and their usefulness in the treatment of various common ailments. This information can serve as a guide to the readers to solve their common health problems through the use of specific species and condiments. It would, however be advisable to consult a doctor or an expert in case of serious problems.

1. CARDAMOM (elaichi) - The queen of species

Medicinal virtues:

        The aroma and therapeutic properties of cardamom are due to its volatile oil. Tinctures of cardamom are also made. They are used  chiefly in medicines for windiness and for strengthening the stomach. It is used as an adjunct to carminative drugs.

Uses
In India it is used for flavouring curries cakes, gulab jamun, bread and for other culinary purposes.

2. ONION - Dynamite of Natural Foods
     

Medicinal virtues
     Onion is one of civilizations oldest medicines. Onions should be taken with meals, preferably raw, as fried or cooked onions are comparatively difficult to digest. For therapeutic purposes, it is advisable to use onion juice instead of the whole onion as it is an all-round medicine.
An exceptionally strong antioxidant, onion is full of numerous anticancer compounds. It has been specifically linked to inhibit human stomach cancer. It thins the blood, lowers cholesterol, raises good-type HDL cholesterol, wards of blood clots, and fights asthma, chronic bronchitis, hay fever, diabetes, atherosclerosis and infections.

Uses 
      They are used in  soups and sauces and for seasoning many foods. They may also be eaten fried. Onion oil, produced by steam distillation, is used to a limited extent for flavoring foods.

Precautions
       Excessive use of onions should, however, be avoided as it may promote gas formation and aggravate heartburn. Recent experiments have also found that abundant use onions have a tendency to reduce the number of red cells and o lower the hemoglobin.

3.PEPPER

Pepper is one of the oldest and most popular species. It is known as 'king of species'. The pepper plant is a stout, evergreen creeper with smooth surface, much swollen at the nodes.

Medicinal virtues:
Black pepper is a stimulant, pungent, aromatic, digestive and nervine tonic. The pungency of pepper is due to  the resin chavacine, which is most abundant in the mesocarp. Black pepper is useful in relieving flatulence.

Read More